{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Types de données simples"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Nombres entiers"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"int"
]
},
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"a = 1\n",
"type(a)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2"
]
},
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"a+1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"b = 2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"3"
]
},
"execution_count": 4,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"a+b"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Nombres en virgule flottante"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"0.5"
]
},
"execution_count": 5,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"a/2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"float"
]
},
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(a/2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"division entière :"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 7,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"0"
]
},
"execution_count": 7,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"a//2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Booléens"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 8,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"False"
]
},
"execution_count": 8,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"a == b"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 9,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 9,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"a != b"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 10,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"bool"
]
},
"execution_count": 10,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(a>0)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 11,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Cool!\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"if True:\n",
" print('Cool!')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 12,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"z = a==b"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Comment faire des contrôles sur le type ?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 13,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 13,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(z) == bool"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 14,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 14,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"isinstance(z, bool)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Chaînes de caractères"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 15,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"b = \"ceci est une chaîne de caractères\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 16,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'ceci est une chaîne de caractères'"
]
},
"execution_count": 16,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"b"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 17,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"str"
]
},
"execution_count": 17,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(b)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 18,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"c = \"\"\"\n",
"Ceci est une châine de caractères\n",
"sur plusieurs lignes\n",
"\"\"\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 19,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'\\nCeci est une châine de caractères\\nsur plusieurs lignes\\n'"
]
},
"execution_count": 19,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"c"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 20,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"\n",
"Ceci est une châine de caractères\n",
"sur plusieurs lignes\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(c)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Opérations sur les chaînes de caractères"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 21,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'ceci est une chaîne de caractères !'"
]
},
"execution_count": 21,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"b + \" !\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 22,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'!!!'"
]
},
"execution_count": 22,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"!\"*3"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 23,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'!!!'"
]
},
"execution_count": 23,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"3*\"!\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 24,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"33"
]
},
"execution_count": 24,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"len(b)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 25,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"['__add__',\n",
" '__class__',\n",
" '__contains__',\n",
" '__delattr__',\n",
" '__dir__',\n",
" '__doc__',\n",
" '__eq__',\n",
" '__format__',\n",
" '__ge__',\n",
" '__getattribute__',\n",
" '__getitem__',\n",
" '__getnewargs__',\n",
" '__gt__',\n",
" '__hash__',\n",
" '__init__',\n",
" '__init_subclass__',\n",
" '__iter__',\n",
" '__le__',\n",
" '__len__',\n",
" '__lt__',\n",
" '__mod__',\n",
" '__mul__',\n",
" '__ne__',\n",
" '__new__',\n",
" '__reduce__',\n",
" '__reduce_ex__',\n",
" '__repr__',\n",
" '__rmod__',\n",
" '__rmul__',\n",
" '__setattr__',\n",
" '__sizeof__',\n",
" '__str__',\n",
" '__subclasshook__',\n",
" 'capitalize',\n",
" 'casefold',\n",
" 'center',\n",
" 'count',\n",
" 'encode',\n",
" 'endswith',\n",
" 'expandtabs',\n",
" 'find',\n",
" 'format',\n",
" 'format_map',\n",
" 'index',\n",
" 'isalnum',\n",
" 'isalpha',\n",
" 'isascii',\n",
" 'isdecimal',\n",
" 'isdigit',\n",
" 'isidentifier',\n",
" 'islower',\n",
" 'isnumeric',\n",
" 'isprintable',\n",
" 'isspace',\n",
" 'istitle',\n",
" 'isupper',\n",
" 'join',\n",
" 'ljust',\n",
" 'lower',\n",
" 'lstrip',\n",
" 'maketrans',\n",
" 'partition',\n",
" 'replace',\n",
" 'rfind',\n",
" 'rindex',\n",
" 'rjust',\n",
" 'rpartition',\n",
" 'rsplit',\n",
" 'rstrip',\n",
" 'split',\n",
" 'splitlines',\n",
" 'startswith',\n",
" 'strip',\n",
" 'swapcase',\n",
" 'title',\n",
" 'translate',\n",
" 'upper',\n",
" 'zfill']"
]
},
"execution_count": 25,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"dir(b)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 26,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'CECI EST UNE CHAÎNE DE CARACTÈRES'"
]
},
"execution_count": 26,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"b.upper()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 27,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"['ceci', 'est', 'une', 'chaîne', 'de', 'caractères']"
]
},
"execution_count": 27,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"b.split()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 28,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'ceci, est, une, chaîne, de, caractères'"
]
},
"execution_count": 28,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\", \".join( b.split() )"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Formatage de chaînes de caractères"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 29,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'Oui, ceci est une chaîne de caractères!'"
]
},
"execution_count": 29,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"Oui, %s!\" % (b) # very old style"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 30,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'Oui, ceci est une chaîne de caractères!'"
]
},
"execution_count": 30,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"Oui, {0}!\".format(b) # old style, Python 2.6+"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 31,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'Oui, ceci est une chaîne de caractères!'"
]
},
"execution_count": 31,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"{0}, {1}!\".format(\"Oui\", b) "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 32,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'Oui, ceci est une chaîne de caractères!'"
]
},
"execution_count": 32,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"f\"Oui, {b}!\" # new style, Python 3.6+"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 33,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"my_num = 1.23456"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 34,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'Voici un numéro avec 3 chiffres décimaux: 1.235'"
]
},
"execution_count": 34,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"f\"Voici un numéro avec 3 chiffres décimaux: {my_num:.3f}\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Pour plus d'info, cf. https://pyformat.info/, https://realpython.com/python-f-strings/"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Conversions"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"N.B. : typage dynamique **fort**"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 35,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "TypeError",
"evalue": "unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'",
"output_type": "error",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-35-bd58363a63fc>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'"
]
}
],
"source": [
"a + b"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 36,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'1 est une chaîne de caractère'"
]
},
"execution_count": 36,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"str(a) + \" est une chaîne de caractère\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 37,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"c = \"10\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 38,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"11"
]
},
"execution_count": 38,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"int(c) + 1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 39,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"False"
]
},
"execution_count": 39,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"bool(0)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 40,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 40,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"bool(1)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 41,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 41,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"bool(\"test\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 42,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 42,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"bool(3.14)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 43,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"False"
]
},
"execution_count": 43,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"bool(0.0)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.7.5"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 2
}